Forest fires are a widespread occurrence in ecosystems worldwide, impacting both vegetation and soil. The effects of forest fires, as well as prescribed fires, on forest soil are complex, influencing soil organic matter, macro and micro−nutrients, and physical properties such as texture, colour, pH, and bulk density, along with soil biota. The magnitude of the impact on forest soil depends on factors such as fire intensity, fuel load, and soil moisture. The severity and frequency of fire determine whether it is beneficial or harmful to the soil. Low−intensity fires can enhance plant available nutrients through the combustion of litter and soil organic matter, promoting rapid growth of herbaceous plants and increased nutrient storage. Conversely, high intensity fires can lead to complete loss of soil organic matter, volatilization of vital elements (N, P, S, K), and microbial death. Additionally, intense forest fires generate hydrophobic organic compounds that result in water−repellent soils. Forest fires also have long−term effects on forest soil. This paper aims to review the impacts of forest fires on various soil properties crucial for maintaining a healthy ecosystem.

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